The Genetics Of Coffee
The genetics of coffee is a fascinating and complex field that explores the hereditary and molecular characteristics of coffee plants. Two main species dominate the commercial coffee industry: Coffea arabica (Arabica) and Coffea canephora (Robusta). Here's an overview of the key aspects of coffee genetics:

1. Species and Varieties
Coffea arabica (Arabica):

Genetic Makeup: Arabica coffee is a tetraploid (possesses four sets of chromosomes) with 44 chromosomes. It is a result of a cross between two diploid species, Coffea eugenioides and Coffea canephora.
Varieties: Arabica coffee has numerous varieties such as Bourbon, Typica, Geisha, SL28, and SL34, each with unique genetic traits influencing flavor, yield, and disease resistance.
Coffea canephora (Robusta):

Genetic Makeup: Robusta coffee is a diploid species with 22 chromosomes.
Varieties: Robusta varieties are generally more resistant to pests and diseases compared to Arabica but are often considered less flavorful. Key varieties include Kouillou and Congensis.
2. Genomic Studies
Arabica Genome: Sequencing the genome of Arabica has been challenging due to its tetraploid nature. However, recent advances have made it possible to identify genes associated with disease resistance, caffeine production, and quality traits.
Robusta Genome: The genome of Robusta has been sequenced, providing insights into genes related to stress resistance, yield, and biochemical pathways involved in flavor and aroma.
3. Breeding and Hybridization
Traditional Breeding: Involves selecting plants with desirable traits and cross-breeding them to produce improved varieties. This process is time-consuming and requires several generations to achieve stable traits.
Hybrid Varieties: New hybrids such as Arabusta (a cross between Arabica and Robusta) combine the favorable traits of both species, such as improved disease resistance from Robusta and better flavor profiles from Arabica.
Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS): Uses molecular markers linked to desirable traits to accelerate the breeding process by selecting plants with the desired genes at an early stage.
4. Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
CRISPR/Cas9: This gene-editing technology holds potential for precise modifications in the coffee genome, such as enhancing disease resistance, improving flavor, and increasing yield.
Transgenic Approaches: Though controversial and subject to regulatory approval, transgenic techniques can introduce new genes into coffee plants to confer desirable traits, such as pest resistance or improved environmental adaptability.
5. Challenges and Future Directions
Climate Change: Rising temperatures and changing rainfall patterns threaten coffee production. Genetic research aims to develop varieties that are more resilient to these changes.
Disease Resistance: Diseases like coffee leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix) and coffee berry disease (Colletotrichum kahawae) are major threats. Identifying and incorporating resistant genes into new varieties is a priority.
Flavor and Quality: Genetics plays a crucial role in determining the flavor profile of coffee. Research focuses on understanding the genetic basis of flavor compounds and breeding varieties with superior taste.
Conclusion
The genetics of coffee is a rapidly evolving field that combines traditional breeding methods with modern genomic and biotechnological approaches. Advances in this area promise to enhance coffee quality, yield, and sustainability, ensuring the future of one of the world's most beloved beverages.

Carmen Leitch - A Mysterious Plasmid is Found at High Levels in the Human Gut:

https://www.labroots.com/trending/genetics-and-genomics/27029/mysterious-plasmid-found-levels-human-gut

#Plasmid #PBI143 #Metagenome #Gastrointestinal #Gut #Microbiology #Biology

Stop All Nanoparticle CV19 Vax Injections Now – Karen Kingston
https://rumble.com/v4jit9h-stop-all-nanoparticle-cv19-vax-injections-now-karen-kingston.html

Karen Kingston is a biotech analyst and former Pfizer employee who has been reporting on the nightmare of the CV19 mRNA nanoparticle vax. Kingston proved the CV19 vax was a bioweapon from the very beginning and is now on a team pushing to stop using it in Florida. Kingston says, “We know the mRNA injections never provided any benefit, and because of that, they actually meet the definition of a biological weapon under 18 U.S. Code 175. It’s also a weapon of mass destruction under Florida law 790.166. The statement of facts that was submitted (to the Florida Supreme Court) goes through all the evidence. . . . There was 1.5 million adverse events. The definition of a weapon is any biological agent or device that doesn’t prevent against infection, doesn’t prevent any kind of disease . . . and was not done under bona fide research. We know that research that was done with the Phase 1, 2 and 3 trials, the Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) that was given to Americans and the FDA approved product, none of that was legitimate. There was no informed consent. That is criminal biological human experimentation. That, by definition, is biowarfare. There is no benefit . . . . It actually harms people. If you look at Pfizer’s documents, Moderna’s documents and the government’s documents, they knew all along that harms outweighed the benefits of this product in any population.”

Dr. Joe Sansone in Florida has been the driving force to get these CV19 mRNA nanoparticle shots banned in that state. A recent post on Kingston’s Substack says, “Dr. Sansone is seeking for the Florida Supreme Court to issue an order to Governor DeSantis and Attorney General Moody to uphold their duties of enforcing federal and Florida laws by prohibiting the unlawful and criminal distribution, promotion and administration of the engineered mRNA nanoparticle injections on Floridians and to protect Floridians by seizing the injections.”

(Read the entire “Order to Prohibit the Use Of and Seize the mRNA Injections” here.)

Dr. Sansone is not the only one who thinks these CV19 injections should be “banned.” Kingston says, “The Florida Surgeon General and the Florida Department of Health have said these mRNA (CV19) injections should be used in NO human beings. They said these are gene editing technologies that can disrupt the human genome and make permanent changes. . . . According to the DOD, our own government and national security agencies say if you change the genome of any species, including human beings, that is the extermination of that species. This makes it a weapon of mass destruction. . . . The evidence is put together in such a damning way you cannot argue to keep the (CV19 mRNA nanoparticle) shots.”

In closing, Kingston reminds us, “States have the right to block any drug or medical device even if the FDA approves it.” In the not-so-distant future, let’s hope many states follow Florida’s lead and ban the CV19 bioweapon shots.

Oleg Sherbakov - Physicists model chromosome folding, reveal how loops affect spatial organization of the genome:

https://phys.org/news/2023-11-physicists-chromosome-reveal-loops-affect.html

#ChromosomalLoop #ChromosomeFolding #Chromosome #DNAFolding #DNA #LoopExtrusion #Topology #HumanGenome #Genome #PolymerPhysics #Polymer #Physics #Genomics #Biology

Alarming COVID Jab Contamination Shocks Scientists - Dr Mercola
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IEWHhrHiiTY

Story at-a-glance

In early April 2023, microbiologist Kevin McKernan detailed finding massive DNA contamination in Pfizer’s and Moderna’s bivalent COVID booster shots. The highest level of DNA contamination found was 30%, meaning nearly one-third of the content of the shot was plasmid DNA, the presence of which dramatically increases the likelihood of DNA integration and cancer
An in vitro experiment found that the modified RNA in the Pfizer jab has the ability to enter human liver cells and reverse transcribe into DNA in as little as six hours post-exposure
The lipid nanoparticles that the mRNA and DNA contaminants are encased in facilitate getting the DNA inside the cell. Once it’s in the cytoplasm, bits of DNA can enter the nucleus by random chance
Mice injected with the COVID mRNA shot passed on their acquired immune traits — both good and bad — to offspring, which not only suggests that the mRNA can enter the nucleus of the cell, but also that it can be permanently integrated into chromosomal DNA and have intergenerational effects
Pfizer’s bivalent jab has also been found to contain simian virus 40 (SV40) promoter, an oncogenic piece of the virus’ DNA known to drive very aggressive gene expression. Combined with pieces of DNA, the presence of SV40 promoter make the risk of cancer all the more likely
The SV40 promoter is a sequence used in gene therapy to drive DNA into the nucleus of cells. If the shots aren’t supposed to alter the human genome, why do they contain bits of DNA and an SV40 promoter that can drive that DNA into the nucleus?


https://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2023/10/03/covid-jab-contamination.aspx?ui=551eda515442ee5cc8f0c77cc67b3f3febd63142ec0dc6cef1d4521e5ea666eb&sd=20200307&cid_source=dnl&cid_medium=email&cid_content=art1HL&cid=20231003&foDate=false&mid=DM1472322&rid=1928022111

The Best of Biden!
The best thing Biden has done for America is mutate the Democratic genome so that this generation of Democrats is the last generation of Democrats, ever!

USDA approves production, sale of cultivated chicken in US
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eKhHQjRm3v4

https://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2023/07/13/pig-beans-gmo-frankenfood.aspx?ui=551eda515442ee5cc8f0c77cc67b3f3febd63142ec0dc6cef1d4521e5ea666eb&sd=20200307&cid_source=dnl&cid_medium=email&cid_content=art1ReadMore&cid=20230713&mid=DM1432461&rid=1854366733
Story at-a-glance

One of the latest GMO Frankenfoods is Piggy Sooy, a soybean genetically engineered to contain pig protein. One or more undisclosed pig genes are spliced into conventional soya to create a soybean with 26.6% animal protein
Moolec, the U.K.-based company that developed Piggy Sooy, is also working on developing a pea plant that produces beef protein. The company claims these transgenic hybrids will provide similar taste, texture and nutritional value as meat, without the high cost of cultured or lab-grown meat alternatives
June 21, 2023, the U.S. Department of Agriculture authorized the sale of cell-cultivated chicken from Good Meat and Upside Foods. Both plan on rolling out their synthetic chicken to “high-end” restaurants across the U.S. first, while they scale up production
Researchers have discovered that CRISPR-Cas gene editing wreaks havoc in the plant genome, causing several hundred unintended genetic changes to occur simultaneously “in a catastrophic event” that ripples across large parts of the genome
Because these changes are impossible to predict, gene edited plants cannot be assumed safe without extensive testing

Corrupting the Image through Seed Wars - Patenting the Human Genome

I'm not sure the human race will survive!
The US has approved "Franken-meat" for human consumption!

Which is nothing more than a lab grown tumor, they put on your plate!

The human race CANNOT SURVIVE if the #Corporation we call #Government remains in control over our country!

Because, quite simply, they are actively MURDERING AMERICANS!
And pissing and moaning will NOT fix this!

"Voting" for a different CORPORATE slave master will NOT fix anything either!
BOTH PARTIES are conspiring to murder YOU!

They get on television and pretend to argue....
But behind closed doors they ARE both working against YOU!
And against this country, and everyone in it!

It will require arrests and #Violence!
If you are not willing to become violent with people trying to murder you....
Then you are going to go EXTINCT! It's that simple!

There can be no "waiting it out" here....
We either ACT, and take these #Criminals out...
The Feds, the Courts, the Police etc.... Or we DIE!

If you do not control your LOCAL GOVERNMENT and men with guns within that local government.... Then you are a sitting duck, waiting to be plucked!

https://rumble.com/v23a5yg-corrupting-the-image-through-seed-wars-patenting-the-human-genome.html