Nihilism is a philosophical perspective that argues life is without objective meaning, purpose, or intrinsic value. Nihilists often assert that:

1. Moral Nihilism**: There are no objective moral truths. Moral values are seen as subjective constructs without universal applicability.
2. Existential Nihilism**: Life has no intrinsic meaning or value. Human existence is insignificant in the grand scheme of the universe.
3. Epistemological Nihilism**: Knowledge is impossible; doubt is cast on the ability to know anything with certainty.
4. Metaphysical Nihilism**: There may be no objective reality, or that reality itself lacks any substantial structure or meaning.

Prominent figures associated with nihilism include Friedrich Nietzsche, who explored the implications of a world without God or inherent meaning, and Ivan Turgenev, whose novel "Fathers and Sons" introduced the term "nihilist" in its modern sense.

Nihilism can be seen as a response to the disillusionment with traditional values, religion, and the perceived failures of modern society to provide meaning. It often leads to a deep sense of skepticism and can be a starting point for exploring new ways of finding or creating meaning in life.