• W1935, a brown dwarf
    known as W1935 is more massive than Jupiter, and exhibited infrared emissions from methane — a finding that has puzzled scientists due to the brown dwarf's cold nature and lack of a host star to provide energy for such atmospheric phenomena.

    W1935, a brown dwarf located 47 light-years from Earth, has intrigued astronomers with its unexpected behavior. Despite being more massive than Jupiter and lacking a host star, it exhibits infrared emissions from methane in its upper atmosphere. This phenomenon is puzzling because the brown dwarf is cold and lacks an obvious energy source to fuel such atmospheric processes

    On Earth, aurorae are created when energetic particles from the Sun interact with our magnetic field, producing captivating curtains of light near the poles. Similarly, Jupiter and Saturn have auroral processes, including contributions from their active moons like Io and Enceladus. However, for isolated brown dwarfs like W1935, the absence of a stellar wind complicates the explanation for the extra energy needed to produce methane glow. Scientists speculate that internal processes or interactions with interstellar plasma or nearby active moons may play a role in this intriguing phenomenon.

    The discovery of methane emission on W1935 is akin to a fascinating detective story, unraveling the mysteries of celestial phenomena.

    Mysterious aurora over 'failed star' 'shocking' discovery that transformed into pure fantasy the astrophysics of today and education into university worldwide.

    The recent discovery of a mysterious aurora around a brown dwarf has left astronomers astounded. This celestial body, known as W1935, is larger than Jupiter and exhibits infrared emissions from methane in its upper atmosphere. What makes this finding even more intriguing is that W1935 lacks a host star to provide energy for such atmospheric phenomena.

    Let’s delve into the captivating details:

    Brown Dwarfs: These enigmatic objects are larger than gas giant planets but smaller than stars. They form similarly to stars, arising from collapsing clouds of gas and dust. Brown dwarfs are often isolated, just like W1935. Their nickname, “failed stars,” stems from their inability to sustain nuclear fusion like main-sequence stars.

    Auroras: On Earth, we witness auroras as the mesmerizing northern and southern lights. These luminous displays occur when charged solar particles interact with molecules in our atmosphere. Auroras are also observed on other planets, such as Jupiter and Saturn, and over active moons like Io and Enceladus. However, W1935’s aurora is baffling because there are no nearby stars to supply charged particles for this phenomenon .

    Infrared Clues: The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) detected the potential aurora over W1935 through infrared emissions from methane. Similar emissions occur on Jupiter and Saturn due to charged particles heating their atmospheres and creating aurorae. Scientists speculate that internal processes within W1935 or interactions with interstellar plasma might be responsible for its mysterious glow. Alternatively, an influx of particles from a nearby active moon could play a role.

    This discovery transforms the astrophysics of today, sparking curiosity and wonder across universities worldwide. The universe continues to surprise us with its hidden secrets, inviting us to explore further into the cosmic unknown.

    W1935, a brown dwarf known as W1935 is more massive than Jupiter, and exhibited infrared emissions from methane — a finding that has puzzled scientists due to the brown dwarf's cold nature and lack of a host star to provide energy for such atmospheric phenomena. W1935, a brown dwarf located 47 light-years from Earth, has intrigued astronomers with its unexpected behavior. Despite being more massive than Jupiter and lacking a host star, it exhibits infrared emissions from methane in its upper atmosphere. This phenomenon is puzzling because the brown dwarf is cold and lacks an obvious energy source to fuel such atmospheric processes On Earth, aurorae are created when energetic particles from the Sun interact with our magnetic field, producing captivating curtains of light near the poles. Similarly, Jupiter and Saturn have auroral processes, including contributions from their active moons like Io and Enceladus. However, for isolated brown dwarfs like W1935, the absence of a stellar wind complicates the explanation for the extra energy needed to produce methane glow. Scientists speculate that internal processes or interactions with interstellar plasma or nearby active moons may play a role in this intriguing phenomenon. The discovery of methane emission on W1935 is akin to a fascinating detective story, unraveling the mysteries of celestial phenomena. Mysterious aurora over 'failed star' 'shocking' discovery that transformed into pure fantasy the astrophysics of today and education into university worldwide. The recent discovery of a mysterious aurora around a brown dwarf has left astronomers astounded. This celestial body, known as W1935, is larger than Jupiter and exhibits infrared emissions from methane in its upper atmosphere. What makes this finding even more intriguing is that W1935 lacks a host star to provide energy for such atmospheric phenomena. Let’s delve into the captivating details: Brown Dwarfs: These enigmatic objects are larger than gas giant planets but smaller than stars. They form similarly to stars, arising from collapsing clouds of gas and dust. Brown dwarfs are often isolated, just like W1935. Their nickname, “failed stars,” stems from their inability to sustain nuclear fusion like main-sequence stars. Auroras: On Earth, we witness auroras as the mesmerizing northern and southern lights. These luminous displays occur when charged solar particles interact with molecules in our atmosphere. Auroras are also observed on other planets, such as Jupiter and Saturn, and over active moons like Io and Enceladus. However, W1935’s aurora is baffling because there are no nearby stars to supply charged particles for this phenomenon . Infrared Clues: The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) detected the potential aurora over W1935 through infrared emissions from methane. Similar emissions occur on Jupiter and Saturn due to charged particles heating their atmospheres and creating aurorae. Scientists speculate that internal processes within W1935 or interactions with interstellar plasma might be responsible for its mysterious glow. Alternatively, an influx of particles from a nearby active moon could play a role. This discovery transforms the astrophysics of today, sparking curiosity and wonder across universities worldwide. The universe continues to surprise us with its hidden secrets, inviting us to explore further into the cosmic unknown.
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  • Arguing with Liberals and COVIDIOTS is like giving medicine to a corpse.
    Here's the problem with the sheeple COVIDIOTS: The smallest COVID particles measure .006 microns. The smallest particles an N-95 mask can filter measures 3 MICRONS. That's 1,800 microns larger than COVID's smallest particle. Now everybody here knows why we call them COVIDIOTS.
    https://imgflip.com/i/8jzdh1
    Arguing with Liberals and COVIDIOTS is like giving medicine to a corpse. Here's the problem with the sheeple COVIDIOTS: The smallest COVID particles measure .006 microns. The smallest particles an N-95 mask can filter measures 3 MICRONS. That's 1,800 microns larger than COVID's smallest particle. Now everybody here knows why we call them COVIDIOTS. https://imgflip.com/i/8jzdh1
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  • Protoplanetary disks play a crucial role in the formation of planets around young stars
    u/tonynetone1 - This is an AI concept portrays inner protoplanetary disk. New measurements by NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope have detected water vapor
    This is an AI concept portrays inner protoplanetary disk. New measurements by NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope have detected water vapor
    New measurements by NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope’s MIRI (Mid-Infrared Instrument) have detected water vapor in the system’s inner disk

    Webb is solving mysteries in our solar system, looking beyond to distant AND mysterious structures THIS technology is an international program led by NASA with its partners

    Protoplanetary disks play a crucial role in the formation of planets around young stars. These disks are composed of gas and dust particles, and they orbit a central young star. Over time, the material in the disk starts to clump together due to gravitational forces, eventually forming planets and other celestial bodies.

    The recent detection of water vapor in the protoplanetary disk of the PDS 70 system is indeed significant for several reasons. The PDS 70 system is located approximately 370 light-years away from Earth, and it has been a focus of study for astronomers using advanced observational techniques.

    The presence of water vapor in the terrestrial zone of the protoplanetary disk is noteworthy because this region is considered the prime location for the formation of rocky planets. The terrestrial zone, also known as the habitable zone or Goldilocks zone, is characterized by conditions suitable for the formation of planets with solid surfaces, where water can exist in liquid form. The detection of water vapor in this zone suggests the possibility of water being available during the formation of rocky planets in the PDS 70 system.

    Understanding the composition of protoplanetary disks and the presence of key molecules like water vapor provides valuable insights into the conditions that lead to the formation of planetary systems. It contributes to our broader understanding of the processes involved in planetary formation and the potential for habitable environments in other star systems. This kind of research helps astronomers piece together the puzzle of how planetary systems, including our own solar system, come into existence. Water vapor can indeed be present in the atmospheres of exoplanets (planets outside of our solar system).

    Detecting water vapor in exoplanet atmospheres is a significant area of research in the field of exoplanet studies. Scientists use various methods to detect the presence of water vapor on distant exoplanets. One commonly used technique is spectroscopy, which involves analyzing the light from the star that passes through the exoplanet's atmosphere. This analysis allows researchers to identify the presence of specific molecules, including water vapor, by looking for characteristic absorption patterns in the spectrum. The discovery of water vapor in an exoplanet's atmosphere can provide valuable insights into the planet's potential habitability. Water is a crucial ingredient for life as we know it, so the presence of water vapor on exoplanets is often considered an essential factor in determining their potential habitability.

    However, it is important to note that the detection of water vapor does not directly imply the presence of liquid water or the habitability of an exoplanet. Many other factors, such as the planet's distance from its star, its composition, and the overall environmental conditions, need to be considered to assess whether an exoplanet may have the right conditions to support life. Ongoing research and technological advancements in space telescopes and spectroscopic techniques are continually improving our understanding of exoplanet atmospheres, including the presence of water vapor. With time, we expect to gather more data and learn more about the atmospheres of exoplanets and their potential for hosting water vapor and, possibly, life.
    Protoplanetary disks play a crucial role in the formation of planets around young stars u/tonynetone1 - This is an AI concept portrays inner protoplanetary disk. New measurements by NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope have detected water vapor This is an AI concept portrays inner protoplanetary disk. New measurements by NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope have detected water vapor New measurements by NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope’s MIRI (Mid-Infrared Instrument) have detected water vapor in the system’s inner disk Webb is solving mysteries in our solar system, looking beyond to distant AND mysterious structures THIS technology is an international program led by NASA with its partners Protoplanetary disks play a crucial role in the formation of planets around young stars. These disks are composed of gas and dust particles, and they orbit a central young star. Over time, the material in the disk starts to clump together due to gravitational forces, eventually forming planets and other celestial bodies. The recent detection of water vapor in the protoplanetary disk of the PDS 70 system is indeed significant for several reasons. The PDS 70 system is located approximately 370 light-years away from Earth, and it has been a focus of study for astronomers using advanced observational techniques. The presence of water vapor in the terrestrial zone of the protoplanetary disk is noteworthy because this region is considered the prime location for the formation of rocky planets. The terrestrial zone, also known as the habitable zone or Goldilocks zone, is characterized by conditions suitable for the formation of planets with solid surfaces, where water can exist in liquid form. The detection of water vapor in this zone suggests the possibility of water being available during the formation of rocky planets in the PDS 70 system. Understanding the composition of protoplanetary disks and the presence of key molecules like water vapor provides valuable insights into the conditions that lead to the formation of planetary systems. It contributes to our broader understanding of the processes involved in planetary formation and the potential for habitable environments in other star systems. This kind of research helps astronomers piece together the puzzle of how planetary systems, including our own solar system, come into existence. Water vapor can indeed be present in the atmospheres of exoplanets (planets outside of our solar system). Detecting water vapor in exoplanet atmospheres is a significant area of research in the field of exoplanet studies. Scientists use various methods to detect the presence of water vapor on distant exoplanets. One commonly used technique is spectroscopy, which involves analyzing the light from the star that passes through the exoplanet's atmosphere. This analysis allows researchers to identify the presence of specific molecules, including water vapor, by looking for characteristic absorption patterns in the spectrum. The discovery of water vapor in an exoplanet's atmosphere can provide valuable insights into the planet's potential habitability. Water is a crucial ingredient for life as we know it, so the presence of water vapor on exoplanets is often considered an essential factor in determining their potential habitability. However, it is important to note that the detection of water vapor does not directly imply the presence of liquid water or the habitability of an exoplanet. Many other factors, such as the planet's distance from its star, its composition, and the overall environmental conditions, need to be considered to assess whether an exoplanet may have the right conditions to support life. Ongoing research and technological advancements in space telescopes and spectroscopic techniques are continually improving our understanding of exoplanet atmospheres, including the presence of water vapor. With time, we expect to gather more data and learn more about the atmospheres of exoplanets and their potential for hosting water vapor and, possibly, life.
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  • Depopulation Matters
    Graphene Nanoparticles in Beverages!
    https://rumble.com/v4ebi6l-redbull-gives-you-wings-and-little-weird-things-like-graphene-nanoparticles.html?mref=6zof&mc=dgip3&utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=alexlunaviewer&ep=1
    Depopulation Matters Graphene Nanoparticles in Beverages! https://rumble.com/v4ebi6l-redbull-gives-you-wings-and-little-weird-things-like-graphene-nanoparticles.html?mref=6zof&mc=dgip3&utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=alexlunaviewer&ep=1
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  • https://holistichealth.one/zeolite/ Natural Zeolite Protects You and Your Family from Whatever bio-engineered virus of the month or outbreak unleashed on you. A properly boosted immune system can stop any and all pathogens, period! Do not fear it, prepare your immune system to detect and defeat it naturally. It also detoxes radiation particles, heavy metals and is a natural cancer helper. #zeolite #antiviral #detox #heavymetals #radiation
    https://holistichealth.one/zeolite/ Natural Zeolite Protects You and Your Family from Whatever bio-engineered virus of the month or outbreak unleashed on you. A properly boosted immune system can stop any and all pathogens, period! Do not fear it, prepare your immune system to detect and defeat it naturally. It also detoxes radiation particles, heavy metals and is a natural cancer helper. #zeolite #antiviral #detox #heavymetals #radiation
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  • WHO Wants Total Control, Stop CV19 Shots, Trump Wins - Greg Hunter
    https://rumble.com/v47xn9l-who-wants-total-control-stop-cv19-shots-trump-wins.html

    The UN’s World Health Organization (WHO) wants total control in the next pandemic, and a pandemic is surely coming. They already have a name for it. They are calling it “Disease X.” Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus is an Ethiopian Director-General of the World Health Organization, and he wants this control by May of 2024. It’s control over forced vaccinations, and there is zero dissension allowed in a surreal attack on free speech over the entire planet. This was the most important story coming out of the demonic Deep State World Economic Forum where they are planning to either kill or enslave all of mankind.

    Karen Kingston has released new information about the “highly toxic lipid nanoparticles or mRNA” ingredients found in the CV19 bioweapon vax that continues killing and disabling people. Top scientists in Japan are calling for “all mRNA vaccines to be stopped immediately.” You will never hear this from the Lying Legacy Media who are bought-and-paid-for propaganda shills. They are all fully vaxed and will pay dearly for covering up this genocide/democide for the Deep State.

    Donald Trump had the biggest victory in the history of the GOP primary in Iowa. Trump won 98 of 99 counties and would have won them all if party switching cheating was not involved. This is scaring the heck out of the Deep State because they may be brought to justice for the many crimes they have committed against humanity, including the CV19 murder and disability program they keep pushing.
    WHO Wants Total Control, Stop CV19 Shots, Trump Wins - Greg Hunter https://rumble.com/v47xn9l-who-wants-total-control-stop-cv19-shots-trump-wins.html The UN’s World Health Organization (WHO) wants total control in the next pandemic, and a pandemic is surely coming. They already have a name for it. They are calling it “Disease X.” Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus is an Ethiopian Director-General of the World Health Organization, and he wants this control by May of 2024. It’s control over forced vaccinations, and there is zero dissension allowed in a surreal attack on free speech over the entire planet. This was the most important story coming out of the demonic Deep State World Economic Forum where they are planning to either kill or enslave all of mankind. Karen Kingston has released new information about the “highly toxic lipid nanoparticles or mRNA” ingredients found in the CV19 bioweapon vax that continues killing and disabling people. Top scientists in Japan are calling for “all mRNA vaccines to be stopped immediately.” You will never hear this from the Lying Legacy Media who are bought-and-paid-for propaganda shills. They are all fully vaxed and will pay dearly for covering up this genocide/democide for the Deep State. Donald Trump had the biggest victory in the history of the GOP primary in Iowa. Trump won 98 of 99 counties and would have won them all if party switching cheating was not involved. This is scaring the heck out of the Deep State because they may be brought to justice for the many crimes they have committed against humanity, including the CV19 murder and disability program they keep pushing.
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  • Dr. Chris Shoemaker: 40,000 Billion mRNA spike protein generating particles get injected into you https://www.bitchute.com/video/nA2BpFjR71av/
    Dr. Chris Shoemaker: 40,000 Billion mRNA spike protein generating particles get injected into you https://www.bitchute.com/video/nA2BpFjR71av/
    0 Comments 0 Shares 585 Views
  • EMERGENCY REPORT: NANO PARTICLES TO CONTAMINATE ENTIRE FOOD SUPPLY UNDER GUISE OF FOOD SAFETY

    https://www.bitchute.com/video/d3uwHg8xbLpv/
    EMERGENCY REPORT: NANO PARTICLES TO CONTAMINATE ENTIRE FOOD SUPPLY UNDER GUISE OF FOOD SAFETY https://www.bitchute.com/video/d3uwHg8xbLpv/
    0 Comments 0 Shares 887 Views
  • RT - Edge of the World: How research in Antarctica will help to decode the secrets of our planet:

    https://www.rt.com/india/589377-india-scientific-expedition-antarctica/

    #Antarctica #Bharati #Maitri #ISRO #Expedition #ClimaticChange #Weather #GoldNanoparticles #EarthScience #Glaciology #Geology
    RT - Edge of the World: How research in Antarctica will help to decode the secrets of our planet: https://www.rt.com/india/589377-india-scientific-expedition-antarctica/ #Antarctica #Bharati #Maitri #ISRO #Expedition #ClimaticChange #Weather #GoldNanoparticles #EarthScience #Glaciology #Geology
    WWW.RT.COM
    Edge of the World: How research in Antarctica will help to decode the secrets of our planet
    India’s 43rd scientific expedition to Antarctica sets sail to continue research on the planet’s atmosphere, weather and biology
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  • Red sky at night and other weather lore
    ________________________________________
    How many of these weather sayings do you recognise and is there any truth to them?
    In this article we look at some of these sayings and whether there is any science to back them up.
    Dating back thousands of years, weather forecasting had to rely less on scientific data and more on human experience. The sayings became particularly important in sailing and agriculture, as they looked for reliable forecasts ahead of time.
    From this, developed the old weather sayings and phrases we see and hear today.
    Red sky at night
    The concept of "Red sky at night, shepherd's delight. Red sky in the morning, shepherd's warning" first appears in the Bible in the book of Matthew. It is an old weather saying often used at sunrise and sunset to signify the changing sky and was originally known to help the shepherds prepare for the next day's weather.
    Despite there being global variations in this saying such as "Red sky at night, sailors delight. Red sky in morning, sailors warning", the scientific understanding behind such occurrences remains the same.
    Why does a red sky appear at sunrise and sunset?
    The saying is most reliable when weather systems predominantly come from the west as they do in the UK. "Red sky at night, shepherds delight" can often be proven true, since red sky at night means fair weather is generally headed towards you.
    A red sky appears when dust and small particles are trapped in the atmosphere by high pressure. This scatters blue light leaving only red light to give the sky its notable appearance.
    A red sky at sunset means high pressure is moving in from the west, so therefore the next day will usually be dry and pleasant. "Red sky in the morning, shepherds warning" means a red sky appears due to the high-pressure weather system having already moved east meaning the good weather has passed, most likely making way for a wet and windy low-pressure system.
    St Swithun's Day
    The saying goes:
    St. Swithun’s day, if thou dost rain,
    For forty days it will remain;
    St. Swithun’s day, if thou be fair,
    For forty days 'twill rain no more
    This story originated with St. Swithun, the Bishop of Winchester in the Anglo-Saxon era. He initially requested to be buried outside where he said he might be subject 'to the feet of passers-by and to the raindrops pouring from on high.'
    On 15 July, more than a century later, his body was moved to an indoor shrine and so began the heavy shower. This was said to be a result of the saint's anger at being moved.
    The rain continued from 15 July for 40 days and nights. This led to a folklore myth that whatever the weather is like on 15 July will be how it is on the following 40 days and nights.
    Does it really happen?
    The jet stream does play an important part in predicting how the weather would be for the next 40 days and nights from the end of June/early July. The location of the jet stream shortly after the summer solstice largely determines the following summer's weather.
    If the jet stream is located southerly then it is likely to be a more unsettled summer. If the jet stream is in a northerly position then the weather is likely to be brighter and dry throughout summer.
    However, this does not prove that heavy rainfall for St. Swithun's Day and the following 40 days and nights could happen. In fact, since records began there has been no occurrence of rainfall for such a prolonged period of time.
    More weather sayings and lore
    When halo rings Moon or Sun, rain's approaching on the run
    When a ring appears around the Moon or Sun, sometimes referred to as haloes, this suggests rainfall may be approaching. The halo is caused by ice crystals formed in high clouds. These ice crystals then refract the light from the Moon or Sun. As the ice crystals travel lower, precipitation becomes more likely. In summer months particularly, the Halo can be a sign of approaching storms.
    A ring appearing around the Moon or Sun may also be a result of a 'corona'. Where the formation of a halo is due to light refraction, a corona is formed from light being diffracted. As the light travels through the cloud, it is deflected around the water droplets. This causes a corona which appears as a circle around the light source.
    When the wind is out of the East, tis never good for man nor beast
    This weather proverb carries some truth if you consider the various air masses that affect Britain and its weather. The air mass coming in from a northeasterly direction is the 'polar continental;' record low temperatures have been seen due to this air mass affecting Britain. This air mass originates in places such as Eastern Europe and Russia to affect Britain with bitterly cold winds in winter and dry, warm winds in summer. Although, it is usually only apparent in Britain during winter (between November and April).
    Mackerel sky and mare's tails make tall ships carry low sails
    This weather proverb originates from a nautical background when different cloud types were used to determine whether sails needed to be lowered. Also referred to as just a 'mackerel sky', it is associated with altocumulus clouds while 'mare's tails' refer to cirrus clouds. Both could develop before the instance of a storm, which would lead to the lowering of the ship's sails. Altocumulus clouds appear when there is a certain level of moisture in the air suggesting rainfall is approaching. The term "mackerel sky" comes from the clouds resemblance to the scales of a mackerel.

    Rain before seven, fine by eleven
    This refers to the fact that weather systems tend to be variable and move through the UK fairly quickly, with the prevalent westerly airflow off the Atlantic. Whilst this can sometimes mean that a low-pressure front may have moved through in a morning, this is not always the case and rain can (and often does) stay around for longer than a morning.
    Whilst this saying may sometimes be true, it is far from reliable.
    Cows lie down when it’s about to rain
    An age old piece of weather lore says that cows lying down is a sign that rain is on the way.
    Several theories have been proposed for this, some say that cows are particularly sensitive to atmospheric pressure, while others have suggested that they sense the moisture in the air and lie down to save themselves a dry patch of grass.
    However, cows lie down for many reasons and there's no scientific evidence that rain is one of them.
    More likely they are just relaxing and chewing their cud.
    Pine cones open when good weather is on the way
    This is one of the sayings that is grounded in scientific fact.
    The opening and closing of pines cones is dictated by humidity.
    In dry weather, pine cones open out as the drying scales shrivel and stand out stiffly. In damp conditions the increased moisture allows more flexibility and the cone returns to its normal closed shape.
    It’s too cold to snow
    The main basis for this myth is that the cooler the air is, the less moisture it is able to hold. However, even the coldest air is still able to hold some moisture, so while it may be unlikely to snow, it is still possible.
    Furthermore, there are many other factors beyond temperature which determine whether or not snow will form
    Red sky at night and other weather lore ________________________________________ How many of these weather sayings do you recognise and is there any truth to them? In this article we look at some of these sayings and whether there is any science to back them up. Dating back thousands of years, weather forecasting had to rely less on scientific data and more on human experience. The sayings became particularly important in sailing and agriculture, as they looked for reliable forecasts ahead of time. From this, developed the old weather sayings and phrases we see and hear today. Red sky at night The concept of "Red sky at night, shepherd's delight. Red sky in the morning, shepherd's warning" first appears in the Bible in the book of Matthew. It is an old weather saying often used at sunrise and sunset to signify the changing sky and was originally known to help the shepherds prepare for the next day's weather. Despite there being global variations in this saying such as "Red sky at night, sailors delight. Red sky in morning, sailors warning", the scientific understanding behind such occurrences remains the same. Why does a red sky appear at sunrise and sunset? The saying is most reliable when weather systems predominantly come from the west as they do in the UK. "Red sky at night, shepherds delight" can often be proven true, since red sky at night means fair weather is generally headed towards you. A red sky appears when dust and small particles are trapped in the atmosphere by high pressure. This scatters blue light leaving only red light to give the sky its notable appearance. A red sky at sunset means high pressure is moving in from the west, so therefore the next day will usually be dry and pleasant. "Red sky in the morning, shepherds warning" means a red sky appears due to the high-pressure weather system having already moved east meaning the good weather has passed, most likely making way for a wet and windy low-pressure system. St Swithun's Day The saying goes: St. Swithun’s day, if thou dost rain, For forty days it will remain; St. Swithun’s day, if thou be fair, For forty days 'twill rain no more This story originated with St. Swithun, the Bishop of Winchester in the Anglo-Saxon era. He initially requested to be buried outside where he said he might be subject 'to the feet of passers-by and to the raindrops pouring from on high.' On 15 July, more than a century later, his body was moved to an indoor shrine and so began the heavy shower. This was said to be a result of the saint's anger at being moved. The rain continued from 15 July for 40 days and nights. This led to a folklore myth that whatever the weather is like on 15 July will be how it is on the following 40 days and nights. Does it really happen? The jet stream does play an important part in predicting how the weather would be for the next 40 days and nights from the end of June/early July. The location of the jet stream shortly after the summer solstice largely determines the following summer's weather. If the jet stream is located southerly then it is likely to be a more unsettled summer. If the jet stream is in a northerly position then the weather is likely to be brighter and dry throughout summer. However, this does not prove that heavy rainfall for St. Swithun's Day and the following 40 days and nights could happen. In fact, since records began there has been no occurrence of rainfall for such a prolonged period of time. More weather sayings and lore When halo rings Moon or Sun, rain's approaching on the run When a ring appears around the Moon or Sun, sometimes referred to as haloes, this suggests rainfall may be approaching. The halo is caused by ice crystals formed in high clouds. These ice crystals then refract the light from the Moon or Sun. As the ice crystals travel lower, precipitation becomes more likely. In summer months particularly, the Halo can be a sign of approaching storms. A ring appearing around the Moon or Sun may also be a result of a 'corona'. Where the formation of a halo is due to light refraction, a corona is formed from light being diffracted. As the light travels through the cloud, it is deflected around the water droplets. This causes a corona which appears as a circle around the light source. When the wind is out of the East, tis never good for man nor beast This weather proverb carries some truth if you consider the various air masses that affect Britain and its weather. The air mass coming in from a northeasterly direction is the 'polar continental;' record low temperatures have been seen due to this air mass affecting Britain. This air mass originates in places such as Eastern Europe and Russia to affect Britain with bitterly cold winds in winter and dry, warm winds in summer. Although, it is usually only apparent in Britain during winter (between November and April). Mackerel sky and mare's tails make tall ships carry low sails This weather proverb originates from a nautical background when different cloud types were used to determine whether sails needed to be lowered. Also referred to as just a 'mackerel sky', it is associated with altocumulus clouds while 'mare's tails' refer to cirrus clouds. Both could develop before the instance of a storm, which would lead to the lowering of the ship's sails. Altocumulus clouds appear when there is a certain level of moisture in the air suggesting rainfall is approaching. The term "mackerel sky" comes from the clouds resemblance to the scales of a mackerel. Rain before seven, fine by eleven This refers to the fact that weather systems tend to be variable and move through the UK fairly quickly, with the prevalent westerly airflow off the Atlantic. Whilst this can sometimes mean that a low-pressure front may have moved through in a morning, this is not always the case and rain can (and often does) stay around for longer than a morning. Whilst this saying may sometimes be true, it is far from reliable. Cows lie down when it’s about to rain An age old piece of weather lore says that cows lying down is a sign that rain is on the way. Several theories have been proposed for this, some say that cows are particularly sensitive to atmospheric pressure, while others have suggested that they sense the moisture in the air and lie down to save themselves a dry patch of grass. However, cows lie down for many reasons and there's no scientific evidence that rain is one of them. More likely they are just relaxing and chewing their cud. Pine cones open when good weather is on the way This is one of the sayings that is grounded in scientific fact. The opening and closing of pines cones is dictated by humidity. In dry weather, pine cones open out as the drying scales shrivel and stand out stiffly. In damp conditions the increased moisture allows more flexibility and the cone returns to its normal closed shape. It’s too cold to snow The main basis for this myth is that the cooler the air is, the less moisture it is able to hold. However, even the coldest air is still able to hold some moisture, so while it may be unlikely to snow, it is still possible. Furthermore, there are many other factors beyond temperature which determine whether or not snow will form
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